You're looking for Vue. It calls itself The Progressive Framework and the title fits.
The thing about Vue is that it spans the whole spectrum of a simple <script> tag à la jQuery all the way up to a fullstack app with server side rendering, jsx & typescript support, IDE plugin, browser debugger, and build system.
But the *great* thing about Vue is that you can start off with the simple <script> tag and add it to an existing project (built with other frameworks) and slowly build up to more Vue features if/as you need them.
It's learning curve is also incredibly smooth so you can ramp up the features to your specific needs.
Some examples:
- There's multiple well respected guides and video series out there to port old legacy enterprise Angular.js applications to Vue.js bit-by-bit until only Vue.js remains
- Laravel (the well known backend php system) has decided to use Vue for it's front-end integrations.
- Wikimedia (the foundation that runs Wikipedia) has decided to adopt Vue.