Sure! Informally, it's when there is a disagreement about methods of finding truth. In practice that's when the two positions in a discussion are using a different framework for deciding what's true in the world.

Are illnesses caused by bad humors or are they caused by an imbalance of cold and hot foods? That discussion will eventually reach a point where both participants realize they're arguing about theology, but it'll take a little while to get there. Once there, it's not like there's nothing left to do but unless both sides are willing to go "hey we disagree about truth here do you want to talk about the reasons why instead of the object level stuff about what's true" it's better for all involved to just smile and call it a day.

Avoids a lot of less filling/tastes great shouting matches