To be fair, compilers and linkers can be thought of as pure functions (if we ignore stuff like including timestamps in builds e.g.). They have no special requirements language-wise. You can write them in any general purpose programming language. Even Brainfuck will do (for one-file programs fed through stdin). No argument about the others though.

Although I guess JIT compilers may be classified as systems programming, since you need to do some OS-specific tricks with virtual memory during execution of the compiler.