They did for a long time, but they eventually switched to an Eclipse based system. I believe there was a Nokia team in Dallas that built that.
First it was Visual Studio, second CodeWarrior and then obviously Eclipse (I probably never used the latter, jumped ship a couple of years before the infamous burning platform.) So every 3-5 years they changed the development environment. Can probably also seen as a sign that Symbian development was tedious and not much fun.