I think you got your use of the words criticizing and shorting swapped around. :-) (not that I wouldn't love to be able to short studies that I think will be understood in the fullness of time to be flawed.)
You may be interested in prediction markets for study replication, where you can a real (financial) short position against bad studies: https://fantasticanachronism.com/2021/11/18/how-i-made-10k-p...