These types of books are my favorite style. I typically use whatever language I'm trying to learn and get more practice with (usually F#, Elixir, or Racket) instead of whatever the book suggests, if it does suggest one (usually Python or some OOP language). But sometimes the language used in the book is fun, like Logo or Prolog.
* Mazes for Programmers (by the same author of The Ray Tracer Challenge but is not as language agnostic)
* The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles
* Programming Machine Learning: From Coding to Deep Learning
* Writing an Interpreter in Go and Writing a Compiler in Go (both by the same author)
* Introducing Blockchain with Lisp: Implement and Extend Blockchains with the Racket Language
* Exploring Language with Logo
* Visual Modeling with Logo
* Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring
* Thinking as Computation: A First Course (uses Prolog to solve various problems in small projects)
* Functional Web Development with Elixir, OTP, and Phoenix: Rethink the Modern Web App