Captive portals aren't malicious. They're arguably helpful. But I've never seen a captive portal using fake certificates either.
And invalidate every user's session whenever the server's certificate is renewed??
I never seen a captive portal using a valid certificate either. Not like I saw many captive portals (last time was like... 2018?) but still.
What's the definition of a fake certificate? Self signed? Signed by a real CA, but for a different domain (the captive portal operator's generally)?