From limiting residency slots, making it nearly impossible to hire foreign doctors and lobbying for safe medications that are sold over the counter in the rest of the world to be sold as prescription only in the US. Just to name a few, the AMA has served it's members well to the detriment of anyone buying healthcare in the United States. That to me is a cartel, they just use a "certificate of need" to enforce it's will rather than a gun.
https://www.ama-assn.org/education/accelerating-change-medic...
They were actively lobbying to reduce residency slots as late as 2012. They only started the program you linked to when became common knowledge that they were attempting to limit the number of doctors.
Rather than copy / paste a comment: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30108269
Edit: Funny enough I was replying to you back then too. Small world.