(duplicating another comment I wrote to hear your thoughts)

The fundamental design problem for rspec is for each test you create db state (tons of writes), run the test (reads and writes), and then tear-down (truncate). Each test is at least adding an authorized user (and then removing it) at the simplest and at the worst creating complicated db state to support relational models that must be added and torn down with each test (database_cleaner).

Gems like Fabricator or FactoryBot also make the "create db state" even more excessive, because developers would be lazy and use factory methods that create more than they actually need for the test.