For example, SQL & Unix have been around since the 1970s.
Linux since late 1991.
Javascript: The end of 1995. NodeJS: 2009.
Sure, there's a ton of churn in the JS Ecosystem, but all it takes is a bit of wisdom, skepticism, and patience to avoid the hype-cycle.
Also, once you learn to build certain things with a programming language you learn the paradigms of the system you build.
For example-- Web Servers. Looking at ExpressJS vs Python Flask documentation, there are many analogous pieces, because they follow the same standards for protocols.
Another example-- data engineering / statistical computing: Checking out R vs Python packages, there are a lot of the same concepts, just in a slightly different format/language.
HTTP/1.0: 1996 (RFC 1945)
TCP: 1974 "In May 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn described an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet switching among network nodes."
"TLS is a proposed Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard, first defined in 1999"
Considering all of this... I don't think most major things actually change that much. Sometimes a popular new framework takes the world by storm, but that's pretty rare compared to the output and churn of the ecosystem.