There were tools to program VGA card to higher resolution text mode (svgatextmode), and also s3fb supports higher resolution text mode in kernel.
The system I was experimenting on was a mid-90's 120MHz ancient Packard Bell PC with 56MB of RAM in SIMMs (had that famed bad CMD640 IDE chip). Had a Cirrus Logic VGA adapter onboard.
I remember being able to set all kinds of crazy text resolutions - like lower than 80x25, which was funny.
I also remember in the quest for the highest text resolution - there was some setting about memory clock speed being a controllable setting, higher clock speeds needed for higher text resolutions, and if it was set too fast dots would crawl on the screen.