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Can a lawyer please explain what the word "overturned" means in this context? This wasn't an appeal in Roe v Wade was it? I'm super confused.

It means superseding law renders Roe v Wade ineffective. (IANAL, etc)

I thought law is written by the legislature not the courts. This is a decision in a case no?

When courts step outside their traditional role of interpreting and judging legislation we often refer to it as judicial activism.

Otherwise you'd be correct.