I think you are doing this wrong. If I want to install some software on linux, I install it from my distro's package repository or I compile it myself. There's no reason to expect different linux distros to have binary compatibility. This isn't closed-source software on a backwards-compatable ABI like on windows, there's no reason to install binaries from an unsigned source.

If the developers of thunderbird want, they can supply a binary compiled against your specific distro/version, or a statically-linked binary, or a container like an AppImage