Against the will of all the natives living in the territory. You can't just show up to a house and claim that it's yours and simply take everything out of it and then take it somewhere else and claim that technically you didn't steal anything because you first claimed it yours lol.
Nobody likes this, but there is no alternative.
In the 1500s, you could.
My personal experience after visiting many of the former Spanish territories in Central and South America is that these countries do not fondly remember the las conquistadories--who pillaged, raped and slaughtered their way across the continent while proselytizing Christianity.
Many of the people I spoke with lay their countries poverty directly at the feet of Spain and American corporations -- who collectively pillaged their country's natural resources and humiliated indigenous people for over 200 years.
This is why Colombia just elected Petro--who's promised to end the looting of Colombia's natural resources, among other things.
Too little, too late, isn't it? If they have been fed up for the past 200 years.
Take the Battle of Boyacá[1] for instance. It was a key turning point where the indigenous population achieved victory over Spanish forces. An event that eventually resulted in the independence of Colombia from Spain and creation of several sovereign states.