It seems that sanctions are hurting people everywhere, except in Russia (aside from a few exceptions).
Lack of semiconductors takes a while to set in. I suspect that their tech will greatly decrease within 6 months.
A lot of tech workers already fled Russia.
Other than that, a lot of things were targeting the oliarchs. That changed by now.
In order to sell oil/gas to, say, Brazil instead of Europe, Russia now has to charter tankers that ① aren't banned from working for Russia and also ② whose insurance provider isn't (because tankers are usually required to carry insurance), ③ whose bank isn't (because tankers are usually financed via a loan), ④ whose supplies and maintenance provide is't, and…that's not the end of the list.
AIUI Russia isn't diverting its exports, it's cutting production (which is very, very harmful to Russia in the longer term), so that leaves two possibilities: Either that sanction is working, or tanker owners are boycotting Russia on their own volition.
(More generally, I'm disappointed by how many people write "sanctions are/arent't working because x", without arguing or even stating that some part of the sanctions was intended to achieve x. This article is only partly guilty, it's better than most IMO.)
Russia has its own free floating currency and can fund all activity within Russia using that.
For the most part it just swaps excess resources for Chinese output. The Chinese can send their own boats to pick up the exports if necessary.
Probably the same with India.
What the ineffectiveness of the sanctions is showing is that “export led growth” is a essentially a myth.
Did that stay low tech despite there being nobody else to exchange technology with at the time?
Or did it just invent them itself?
As to whether Russia needs to export — developing these oil/gas fields took a lot of effort. Clearly the Russians believed that there was benefit to doing it.
I suspect so but in the longer term it may even be beneficial. If some technological business will still exist there they will need to establish their own silicon industry. And they have a pretty skilled labor force that could do that (if they don't flee en masse)