(a) price inflation: increasing prices for individual goods.
(b) monetary inflation: an increase in the amount of money used.
Both types of inflation means you get less goods for the same amount of (in this instance) Dollars. Monetary inflation (b) is mostly created by central banks and commercial banks, who increase the amount of dollars via Quantitative Easing, or fractional reserve banking. Price inflation (a) is the effect of markets reacting to changes in supplies and macro trends.
Price inflation isn't even over all products, and products generally fall into three categories: deflationary goods, stable goods, and inflationary goods. Deflationary goods have traditionally been electronics like televisions. Innovation in these areas drives down prices for products hard. Stable goods are products like lumber, food, or oil. Inflationary goods are often luxury brand items like Gucci bags, or yachts.
What is noticeable now is a marked increase in price inflation for stable goods. The source of this inflation is usually one of the following:
1. Supply-side issues (Chinese harbours closed because of Corona outbreaks, the issue with meat as discussed in the article)
2. ESG goals driving up energy prices (which affect production costs and prices for fertiliser. A good example of this is Sri Lanka)
3. International sanctions against Russia (further increasing the cost for fertiliser and increasing the price of energy for the western European market).