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What happens to the vaporized metal after things cool down? Does it become dust?

To be more specific, when GP says 'vaporized', they mean that part of it turns into plasma, and a lot more is sprayed out as molten droplets.

All of it freezes on contact with solid surfaces, often the eyes and exposed body parts of the victims.

Here's a good (SFW) video demonstrating an arc flash: https://youtu.be/bPifdBpcMRY

It becomes a metal oxide - don't breathe it. Basically it's powered rock, rocks are made of metal oxides.

So basically the metal is going back to its original form. You might also call it accelerated rust.