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Caste is not a protected class in US employment law. Arguably there might be a basis for a suit if you could show that it reasonably projects onto an existing protected class, but it's not clear to me that you could.

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Not to say that this is authoritative, but an article in the Harvard Law Review argues that "caste discrimination is a type of racial discrimination, religious discrimination, and national origin discrimination — all covered under Title VII".

Nonetheless, my hunch is that legal or not legal, this kind of discrimination would be extremely unpalatable to most Americans across the political spectrum.

https://harvardlawreview.org/2021/06/title-vii-and-caste-dis...

An ongoing lawsuit against Cisco claims that caste discrimination is a form of national origin discrimination. Cisco's attempts to throw out the lawsuit on the grounds that caste discrimination isn't illegal were unsuccessful. There's a good shot that a judge will rule that caste discrimination is covered by national origin discrimination.

I'm optimistic but that could also open the door to many more lawsuits where someone felt prejudiced because of what side of town they grew up on or what state they are from.

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