This is a recent guide that attempts to cover everything in depth: https://members.delphidigital.io/reports/the-hitchhikers-gui...
Hopefully you’ve heard by now that Ethereum has pivoted to a rollup-centric roadmap. No more execution shards – Ethereum will instead optimize for data-hungry rollups. This is achieved via data sharding (Ethereum’s plan, kind of) or big blocks (Celestia’s plan).
I've been following crypto for years and could probably explain Bitcoin in a pinch, but I'll cheerfully admit I have no clue what that means.