Casteism is an elaborated form of Classism, which the West will not ban because the whole society depends on that discrimination to decide who’s “smart”
You or your children or your grandchildren atleast have a chance on moving up in class in a capitalistic society like West.
In Casteist society you neither your descendants can ever leave your caste and will always face discrimination does not matter how much money you have.
Indian caste system is more a quantitive outlier (I.e the number of castes/classes is the outlier) rather than a qualitative change.
Getting rid of the explicit, codified practices of discrimination doesn't remove the discrimination itself. And until we've paid back the damages to the families injured by practices like redlining, we've inflicted financial and social wounds across generations of people descended from those we harmed.
Go to prisons and look to see the ratio of minorities to white peoples, and look for what portion of people there grew up in poverty
Go to the wealthiest institutions in America and count on one hand the number of people there solely on their merit
Our society is no different than the caste discrimination we claim to abhor, just different superficial rhetoric on top.
Both these cultures need to be overthrown.
Also there are other factors which can tell which caste you actually belong to.
Your birthplace. Your parent's birthplace. Which part of the city you were born in. The accent you speak your mother tongue in.
These are benign questions that your indian colleague might ask or notice.
I dont think the current form in which casteism is practiced in India is related to profession.
Right now in India, lower caste people are mostly free to pursue any profession (unless you go to rural areas).
Discrimination comes from the fact that higer caste people simply despise/hate/consider lower caste people impure or inferior.