Technology is not often a "winner take all" game. The PC industry is the anomaly. Which other technology industries have one winner? Sure isn't cellphones or TVs.
The disadvantage that iOS has in terms of becoming dominant is that only apple at present makes hardware which can run it (officially anyway) so it is in Apple's interest to keep the hardware cost relatively high since they make allot of money from selling it.
Once the it gets to the point where everybody wants a smartphone and tablet computer there will be allot of pressure for low cost products which Apple has no interest in providing. Android & similar can win bigger here because google does not make money from the hardware. They make money from the advertising etc so they are mostly interested in making sure that there are as many low cost products as possible that can run their software.
I find it interesting that you ignore Apple's behavior with the iPod. Apple was more than willing to provide a low cost product. I really don't see why people think that trend won't be repeated.
The iPod is an interesting example I agree, but it is still generally towards the high end of the MP3 player market and it still supports the standard MP3 format making is compatible with all the music you already own.
So switching from another brand of MP3 player to iPod (or vice versa) is pretty easy, there's no real case of having to choose.
If Apple had chosen a different audio format for the iPod for example , that meant you would have to buy your music in a format that was only compatible with it then I doubt it would have enjoyed the success.
The only reason the iPod is cheap anyway is market pressure from competing manufacturers. If Apple had per my previous example gone with a different audio format and been the only player in town they would have kept their prices high and it would have become inevitable that a competitor would have entered at some point with a lower cost product.
The only thing that would keep people from buying the competing product at that point would be that all their music would be stuck with apple , making them a defacto monopoly but over time the lower prices of the competitor would either force their prices down or drive them out.
There's typically a greenfields period in which many competing firms emerge, followed by a rapid consolidation usually driven by economies of scale, which is a fancy way of saying that the market is too small for more than one or a handful (monopoly/oligopoly) number of firms to compete.
This is often driven by network effects covering physical infrastructure (delivery or transmission networks), sales networks, interconnects, research, patent portfolio scaling, etc.
Examples of technology sectors dominated by single / few firms include telecommunications, power and gas utilities, mainframe hardware/software/services, personal computing operating system + productivity suites, Internet backplane, Internet last mile, cellular service, microprocessors (Intel, AMD, ARM), photocopying (through the 1990s at least), consumer electronics manufacture (Foxconn) and pharmaceuticals, just off the top of my head.
You could add related sectors such as Big Box retail (Walmart, Target), retail pharmacy (CVS, Walgreens, Rite-Aid), online retail (Amazon), online auctions (eBay), online classifieds (Craigslist), for largely similar reasons.
Also, throwing the PC industry out as an anomaly is a mistake because iOS and the PC both particular kinds of technology - they are platforms. In this type of "winner takes all" scenario it isn't the standard that takes it all, but the platform providers. The only hope for iOS is the web as the platform.
Aside, I think that Windows Mobile has an even more compelling business model than Android, because Microsoft has more of a financial incentive to improve their proprietary platform than Google does.