The likely path to an AI going rogue is big country vs small country tension (say, China-Taiwan type scales). Small country gets desperate, follows some path to build autonomous, evolving AI for defence and deterrence. I can't think of a precise scenario where that would make sense, but it'll happen somewhere.
AI doesn't need to persuade its way out of the box, we just need some desperate group somewhere who's choices are annihilation or rolling the dice that an AI is a gentler overlord. There are lots of places where that is the case - the same calculus comes in to play with nukes and we see many countries nuking up over the last century - despite the fact that we're putting "end of civilisation" on the table as an option because of it.