But we don't have another term that both has traction and isn't ridiculed.
"Rock star" and "ninja" are in the latter camp; both those terms and "miracle worker" seem like you're bragging.
But you're absolutely right. I know that there are some solutions I've come up with--quickly--that the rest of the team wouldn't have achieved given years. Your overall descriptions hits me too--non-traditional background, ADHD-level boredom sensitivity, always pushing for the right solution even if it's not politically wise, and demanding of high compensation.
But instead of changing the world I keep taking relatively brainless tasks just because they pay well. The boredom part makes it hard sometimes, but I usually get around that by changing the environment I'm working in so that any repetitive work gets eliminated.