The best way to really tell the difference, in my view, is to watch YouTube videos or see comparisons of photographs. I find that a lot of written articles or comments on forums really hype up the difference (along the lines of "get the new phone, it has a better camera"), when in practice, it's not that noticeable.

For example, this YouTube video from a quick YouTube search shows fairly insignificant differences between the iPhone 11 and 13 non-Pro models: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjosGytrIJI