- The Sciences of the Artificial by Simon
- The Psychology of Problem Solving by Davidson & Sternberg
- The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology) by Ericsson, Charness, Feltovich & Hoffman
- Minds, Brains and Computers - The Foundations of Cognitive Science: An Anthology (Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies)
- Choices, Values, and Frames by Kahneman & Tversky
The Sciences of the Artificial is a small but deep book by Herbert Simon, who is considered a key figure in founding the study of these areas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Simon ).
Davidson & Sternberg focuses on problem solving (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sternberg ).
The Cambridge Handbooks (there are many others) in particular are excellent as they contain classic articles in Cognitive Science and Psychology, with introductions and overviews by people who actually research this area. The one on Expertise and Expert performance is edited by K. A. Ericsson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Anders_Ericsson )
Minds, Brains and Computers is another collection of classics, from a more model-based perspective.
Finally, Kahneman and Tversky offer a more economics-centric viewpoint. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Tversky )
If you read scientific articles in this area, you'll notice that many of these author's names will keep popping up...