People will use microphones to record audio like gunshots and explosions for use as sound effects. The humble snare drum will produce loads of dBs too, and is usually close-miked. You then take the same microphone and use it to record something much quieter. You end up with microphones that definitely do reasonably claim >125 dB range. The TLM102 claims something like 130 dB. How much you care about distortion will depend on the situation.

My thought is that it would be very hard to get that 130 dB range all the way from an audio source to your ADC, and it would be very hard to get it back out all the way to speakers again.