Spoken as someone who has clearly never had any tech duties in the financial sector.
You don't understand what time critical means until a dealer's access stops working / computer freezes 10 minutes before market close. ;-)
That could easily cost millions. That could easily loose the company the entire account.
And god help you if the market moves overnight and you were unable to get the trade on ...
A grovelling apology to the client might help avoid a complaint to the regulator, but you're unlikely to keep their business.
So yes, there will always be genuine need for IT to be able to bypass a user's 2FA, because its certain that user won't be able to wait until you send them a new Yubikey in the post.
And yes, financial companies are also well aware of phishing / SE and take appropriate steps to ID user.