For ECUs running the car it's MISRA still, Rust is in the pipeline, but still far far away. 5-10 years before it becomes common. Standard is being worked on, but compilers and other tools will take a lot more time. These are generally not your of the shelf MCUs, and for many compilers are quite tailored.

But for anything regarding networking and UX (screens), a lot of languages and frameworks are being used right now.

Also, if you hate MISRA subset of C so much, you probably won't like Rust, since both impose some similar rules.