If you were to ask a pre-modern human to group a chicken, a crow, a stick, and a tree. They might group the chicken and the stick together because they would use the stick to kill the chicken and make a meal. Whereas a modern human would most likely group the chicken and crow, and the stick and tree together.
The tendency to think abstractly has exploded over the last hundred years or so, and it has fundamentally changed how we see and react to the world. A great explanation of this comes from the Ted-talk of James Flynn.
"Seriousness" or calcified melancholy?
I’m not sure how much Latin and Church play into things (I did both growing up and it’s not much to write home about) but I think the decreasing opportunities for a rich life have more to do with the systematic de-skilling of the professional and academic middle class. Society can not countenance regular individuals with that much leverage and influence so it does everything in its power to reduce engineers, teachers, etc to cogs in a machine