Some folks'd say that yeah, Common Lisp is the go-to Lisp. Some folks'd say no, the go-to is Scheme.

Guile is GNU's common language runtime, sorta like Java's JVM or Microsoft's CLR. And Scheme is really the only first-class language of Guile; to a lot of people "Guile" means "Scheme". I don't know of an Emacs-like using Scheme, but there is an effort to implement Emacs-Lisp on Guile, and have GNU Emacs ditch its Lisp interpreter in favor of Guile. This would allow Emacs to use any language that can run on Guile... which mostly means Scheme.