> Recovery codes are meant to be recorded when enabling 2FA. They can then be used (once per code) in place of a 2FA code, in case of your predicament. Have you perhaps noted these down somewhere?

I don't think they were ever set up for this account, or I would have a record of them, and Google would presumably be offering them as an alternate recovery option (it's not).

I could get a recovery code via my primary email since I still have access to that but Google isn't offering to send one there either.