I think colloquially, lay people may not know the ontological origins of the word but when they use the word "proof" they mean it as some indisputable fact. At least most people I know use it in that manner.
Middle English: from Old French prover, from Latin probare ‘test, approve, demonstrate’, from probus ‘good’.
Edit: I feel I was being a bit forceful with my replies here. You airing your pet peeve triggered my pet peeve with linguistic prescriptivism. Sorry about that.