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This is one advantage of tariffs. Increase the costs. For some applications there are easy substitutes, for others it is harder which incentivizes the creation of alternatives.

Of course the downside of tariffs are also well-known. Retaliation tariffs that damage your own industry. Increased costs being passed own downstream in the economy resulting in less value creation. The overall deadweight loss of not utilizing comparative advantage.

It still might be worth it, but you don't get that "force" for free.

Hmm, and wouldn't that work both ways? What's stopping this from being an impetus for China to stop being dependent on US-allied countries for semiconductor fabrication?

You normally do that using a University, a national lab, an SoE, or subsidies. Not using export control and sanctions .