https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262512619/the-intellectual-foun...
Controlled vocab standards:
https://www.niso.org/publications/ansiniso-z3919-2005-r2010
(this one is deprecated in favor the one that follows)
https://www.niso.org/schemas/iso25964
https://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/
The book we used in my thesaurus construction class at UIUC:
https://www.alastore.ala.org/content/essential-thesaurus-con...
My favorite intro to semantic modeling with RDF/OWL/SPARQL:
Topic Maps are dead but i still have a soft spot for them:
I also recommend Heather Hedden, linked in jrockhind's post.
(But if you want to look around, in addition to "taxonomy" and "ontology", other good terms are "information architecture" and "controlled vocabulary").
These are not things I have vetted, this is literally just me googling and taking a quick skim...
https://blog.optimalworkshop.com/how-to-develop-a-taxonomy-f...
https://www.uxbooth.com/articles/introduction-to-taxonomies/
https://www.nngroup.com/articles/taxonomy-101/
http://accidental-taxonomist.blogspot.com/2020/11/what-it-th...
Or how about some textbooks:
https://www.isi.hhu.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Fakultaeten/Philo...
Books:
* Cataloging the World
* Organising Knowledge. Taxonomies, Knowledge and Organisational Effectiveness
* The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization
* The Oxford Guide to Library Research