Not surgeon specifically, it means 'contractor' effectively - in the UK at least doctors can pick up 'locum shifts' at other hospitals (or otherwise outside their contract, or do this exclusively) for a higher fee (hospital needs to fill a spot it's understaffed for).
From the Latin, as in 'locus parentis' (e.g. a teacher has a parent-like duty of care over their pupils while they're on school grounds) for similar example.
The article doesn't haven't enough info to be sure, of course. But if my wife ever needed a C-section, I'd really like to know it wasn't being performed by a doctor with this track record.
(One might say, well, then there will be fewer doctors and they'll be more overworked and things will be worse. To which I would say that I have indeed lost family members to NHS incompetence, and separately I was an NHS-delivered emergency C-section (I survived, obviously, but from my understanding it shouldn't have needed to be an emergency procedure). I no longer live in the UK, and would not subject my kids to the NHS. I know this is a secular British heresy; too bad.)
If you care strictly about efficiency at bargain basement costs, NHS is probably your favorite model.
Unless you are actively dying nobody in the NHS will lift a finger to help you.
But the NHS is not only merely unhelpful when it comes to anything slightly nontrivial, they can be actively negative. I have had severe back pain laughed at and ignored. I have been told that sinuses can't hurt (after describing severe pain in the area of my sinuses which made me want to crawl out of my skull, regardless of whether they can or cannot hurt (the NHS website seems to suggest they can) the right response to "sometimes I have such severe pain that I forget what it's like to live a normal life" is surely not to dismiss it offhand). I have had ibuprofen and paracetamol prescribed simultaneously (by the same person) for severe pain while walking (which turned out to be flat feet, once I got referred to a specialist who produced a pair of tailored inserts in 10 minutes the pain quickly went away). I have had a GP prescribe half a course of antibiotics for suspected lyme disease because she didn't really think there was a chance that the tick that bit me had it (laboratory tests of the tick confirmed it did carry lyme disease). This was after I came back from Poland and had a massive red ring around the point where the tick bit me. Not sure what the logic was there, had to go to a private GP to get the other half prescribed. I think realistically for the average Joe who is mostly healthy until the age of 55 and only ever gets a broken leg, cut, or whatnot the experience of the NHS must be stellar. But for people like me, the experience can leave you in serious pain for large and important portions of your life.
Now I don't really know what the health system in the US is like, whether it's better or not. Doesn't sound better to me. But in the instances where I've paid for healthcare in the UK and in Poland I was at least met with people who didn't offhandedly dismiss my problems or laugh at me.
I don't think the problems which the NHS has are endemic to public healthcare systems, I've certainly met people in the NHS who did try to be helpful, but from all appearances of what I've heard, the NHS is constantly encouraged to be like this. I think the NHS could be a lot better.
Of course the whole system doesn't work if no one ever questions it. It's a shame some grandad had to step in to get things moving.