Can’t speak to issues with Windows and Docker, but teams I’ve worked on effectively used Docker to eliminate the “runs on my machine” problems. I’ve only used MacOS and Linux the last ten or so years and for me it works really well on both.

I’ve had one or two coworkers on Windows and they used WSL I think. Can’t comment on their experience.

The Dockerfile prescribes exactly what operating system and packages the container has. Docker Compose sets up dependencies in other containers and in most cases this was all that was required to run and test. It does require you to make some platform agnostic decisions on how you structures both but I find it easier than scripting.

Outside of that YMMV.