Anyone who can mitm a site can mitm a caa record.
Anyone who can MITM a site can also get a valid certificate for it.
Indeed, that would be a problem with the CAA approach, currently. To be immune against that attack, clients would either need to 1) use DNS-over-HTTPS, 2) use DNS-over-TLS or 3) perform DNSSEC validation of the CAA record.
Either 1, 2 or 3 would be enough to thwart the attack, but of course, it would be better if they did either (1 and 3) or (2 and 3).