Author here: this is the fault of Adobe Acrobat unfortunately. I converted the thesis to PDF/A using that software and redacted my student registration number. Acrobat apparently did not like my file, therefore it converted many pages to images.
Thanks so much for explaining! I was wondering what kind of bug could possibly cause this… in any case, it’s nice to know it’s not Typst’s fault. Pity I can’t edit my post any more.