I think about this a lot. "Managers" are under pressure to make sure their teams are meeting goals/deadlines/whatever, so they are anxious, so they make efforts to observe and oversee "performance". Seeing people in meetings and diligently "working" makes them feel better about their teams' performance. But what really matters is outcome...which is very difficult to measure for a lot of software teams, and even harder for individuals. The irony is that the efforts to measure/ensure performance, in many cases, actually impede material progress towards the desired outcomes.