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You should also mention Zod, which acts as the type safe glue between the different boundaries.

I have been using Google Sheets as a kind of hacky database. By defining the schemas in Zod I am able to automatically validate my sheets data and coerce the string cell values into their proper types.

Zod schemas can be used all over the stack, imported for form validation, and avoid heaps of duplication and tests.

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While Zod is hyped by Next.ja developers (I think mostly because Theo Brown has such a huge reach), I think Ajv is better, because it lets you generate OpenAPI documentation and it fully json schema compliant.

I really like nextjs for its opinions on the frontend part, but it is lacking these strong, but great opinions on the backend. Wish love to see some design decisions from fastify adopted here. Matteo did really do some great stuff.

Zod has plugins that let you generate OpenAPI specs (and TS types, and JSON Schema, etc.) from your Zod schemas, so if that's the only reason you think Ajv is better, then it might be time to take another look at Zod? It really is great, especially if you buy into the "parse, don't validate" principle that it's built around.

Fastify is excellent. I wish these new full stack frameworks were closer to that.

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