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Qemu is a lot more than just a frontend. It contains both CPU emulation code and machine emulation code in addition to being able to leverage Linux as the hypervisor. It is a massive piece of software.

Of course. I didn't imply the various backends and operating mode of Qemu weren't part of the set.

I meant that Bochs and 86box are just single commands that do a single thing. Qemu is more like LLVM and is indeed massively more complex.

Neither Bochs nor QEMU emulate a vast set of specific hardware (such as motherboards, CPUs, video, SCSI, sound and network cards) from the 90s.

With 86box I managed to install and run, for example, a version of SCO Unix that only supports a very limited number of SCSI adapters and VGA cards: https://virtuallyfun.com/2021/07/13/installing-sco-unix-part...

Interesting. This could interest a project like NetBSD for automated regression testing on old hardware.

I guess it might help a bit, but the emulation is not 100% accurate, and I suspect the greatest challenges for NetBSD are anyway coming from non-x86 obsolete hardware like Vax, Amigas and the likes.

Qemu has a TCG accel. module.