For instance consider two students:
Student A: Lived in a comfortable middle-class home in which parents worked in professional jobs and went to the best schools
Student B: Grew up in a deprived area to single parent who worked menial jobs. Had to work at weekends as well as study.
If both students apply to a job or college, should their final academic grades be treated equally? If both students got the same grade, who would you think was "smarter"?