But I suspect that the governments won't want that. At least in Brazil, where I live, this was aggressively pushed back a few decades ago. I guess they want voters that can't think straight :)
Plenty of places teach philosophy, including the school I went to in Italy. The only measurable effect is that people feel more self-important because they know the names of long dead people.
(Just to clarify this being the Internet: I don't mean philosophy is in itself useless, just that ambitious programs at the high-school level tend to fall flat unless the student has a lot of intrinsic motivation. Latin, computer science, art history, etc. mostly fall in the same category. A better approach is to stick to the basics and offer those as electives.)
> and logic
Logic done seriously requires a mathematical maturity most high-school students simply don't have. Asking someone to understand models of first-order logic without intuitively grokking what quantifiers are is like asking someone to understand Rust lifetimes without having ever seen malloc. It just doesn't work like that. You'd have better success with stuff like Olympiad problems, but even those require so much training it definitely isn't for everyone.
I guess that "done seriously", that's true. But basic logic is like basic arithmetic; they teach that in primary schools. I don't see why they shouldn't teach elementary logic.
In one of the Narnia books, the old professor bemoans the fact that "they don't teach logic in schools any more".
Philosophy is another matter; I agree with the upthread poster who says that philosophy requires motivation. I don't think an introduction to philosophy is much use, except to help you decide whether you want to learn philosophy properly, e.g. a couple of one-hour classes, so kids at least know what the word means (I didn't know, until I started my philosophy degree).
My hope is that conversational AI will sharpen up our critical thinking skills en masse. We need more people getting into the habit of asking "This sounds plausible, but is it actually true? How can I find out?"
True, but unfortunately, rational thought is heavily influenced by emotions.
You are much more likely to accept some cognitive dissonances if the reasoning is caused by someone you trust, like, or admire.
Heavy thinkers are not immune to that, they just produce much more elaborate justifications.