Obviously, if you are doing performance-critical code in a performance-critical application, you will be doing stuff like inlining and other things that "break" clean-code "rules".

I put that into quotes, because to me personally these aren't strict rules - but rather guidelines. And they aren't meant to be pushed to the absolute extreme - but rather be seen as methods/tools used to achieve the actual goal: easily readable, maintainable and modifiable code.

And in my workplace, "performance" isn't measured in cpu-cycles, but rather in man-hours needed to create business value. Adding more compute power comes cheaper than needing more man-hours.

For the most part, it still seems to be a good idea to train new developers to know and understand clean code. It will help them produce more stable, less buggy and more readable code - and that means the code they write will also be easier to optimize for performance, if necessary. But with my work, that sort of optimization seems only ever necessary for very small pieces of code - most definitely not the entire code base.