A related puzzle: https://www.quaxio.com/know_your_bits/
More such puzzles: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15213-f02/www/L1... and http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/public/datalab.pdf
Bit Twiddling Hacks: http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html