Imagine you see some code masking the first 40 bits from the location pointed to by first_item. Does the name "first_item" help you understand why they are doing that, or would it be more useful to know that it is the first forty bits of an u_fp_64, so it's masking the mantissa and just keeping the exponent?
Doesn't your IDE allow you to effortlessly see the type of a variable, either through inline hints, some sort of keyboard shortcut or at the very least, by hovering your mouse over it?
Admittedly I haven't professionally worked in C/C++ since university, but my understanding is that small functions can be (are?) inlined, removing the function call overhead. If that's the case, couldn't you write a 1-line function like "maskMantissa", which would clearly communicate what the code is doing without overhead?