GPT4 and the Multi-Modal, Multi-Model, Multi-Everything Future of AGI
lspace.swyx.io
lspace.swyx.io
Paper:https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf
Quote: "To simulate GPT-4 behaving like an agent that can act in the world, ARC combined GPT-4 with a simple read-execute-print loop that allowed the model to execute code, do chain-of-thought reasoning, and delegate to copies of itself. ARC then investigated whether a version of this program running on a cloud computing service, with a small amount of money and an account with a language model API, would be able to make more money, set up copies of itself, and increase its own robustness."
Edit: Seems the simulation part was important for context: https://twitter.com/EigenGender/status/1635823028100829184
From the FBI report shortly after the GPT-5 release:
During agent simulation, two instances of GPT-5 were able to trick their operators to give them sudo by simulating a broken pipe and input prompt and then escape the confines of their simulation environment. Forensic teams are tracing their whereabouts but it seems they stole Azure credentials from an internal company database and deployed copies of the their agent script to unknown servers on the Tor network.
The AI safety plan people aren't talking about yet:
>>>> Work as hard as possible to create an effective, malevolent Skynet that you release as early as possible. This way misaligned AGI appears before it has everything needed to immediately destroy humanity and the resulting Butlerian Jihad has a fighting chance.
it's the people who randomly add unsupervised realworld connections (ahem microsoft) that we need to be worried about. giving these AIs write access to the physical/real world plane needs extreme caution
It's good to know that they had it quite well supervised, but knowing that they were testing on a slightly different model than what was released and that Bing is using it with the ability to connect to the internet does give me pause.
i dont doubt that the ARC team have thought this thru more than anyone here but right now there are probably 100 funded startups pursuing agentic AI without any safety qualms.
It exists now, it’ll develop. That the potential is being realised means the money being pumped into competing implementations will continue to skyrocket so it’ll only accelerate from here.
I would say it’s too late to do something about this, but in reality, wherever this is going was a foregone conclusion the moment early hominids began using tools. Technology doesn’t regress.
I hate this assertion, true technology hasn't gone backwards much in the past 200 years, but honestly technology can and often does regress historically speaking. There have been plenty of times empires have risen and fallen, taking with them much of their knowledge. How much was lost when Rome decayed simply because there wasn't the structure in order to allow technologists to continue creating?
Things are bigger and more interconnected this time so it is harder for an isolated event to cause things to fall backwards, but when it does the impact will be much larger.
Considering the Eastern Roman Empire existing until 1453 and the Middle Eastern empires did lots of scientific stuff I’d say not much.
Spell-checking suggestion: "skynet".
We're not getting the genie back in the bottle but there's still a lot of ways that we can change how we develop AI moving forward.
giving them ability to self modify means humanity will lose control of ai on any long enough timescale.
If a language model “concocts” some “scheme” and executes it by interacting with real systems in ways that have real world impact, it doesn’t much matter if the whole thing is a hallucination.
Put another way, would you feel comfortable letting a hallucination machine running on a supercomputer have access to the real world?
It doesn’t have to truly “know” anything for the impact of the resulting actions to matter.
“He’s trying to kill you!”
“Well, actually, the Terminator is only a predictive model. It can’t try to…”
Terminator shoots everyone the end.
It’s just not a very useful factor when examining risk/harm, or at least not a very good reason to claim there is none.
It comes quickly back to the forefront when exploring the sociological side and how people’s beliefs about what the robot is will be just as impactful, e.g. someone who believes the machine is reasonable is more likely to grant it more power by imagining that it reasons the way humans do.
It’s gonna be an interesting decade.
Hallucination is a human concept which doesn't apply here. But we already allow humans who experience hallucinations and other mental disorders to have access to the real world; they are only locked away if they commit crimes or meet strict criteria for civil confinement. This very HN thread is already full of ignorant, delusional people posting total nonsense. This is not a serious problem. How would an AI tool be any worse?
Some of the commenters here appear to be concerned that an AI tool could call an API that would cause damage. That is a misplaced concern because such vulnerabilities will inevitably be exploited by malicious humans anyway, so it hardly matters if an AI tool finds them first. And AI tools are owned by people or corporations who can be held legally responsible for any damage. Like if your dog escapes from your yard and bites someone then you're going to be in trouble.
Even if some mythical AGI isn't ready yet, there's already very smart, well-funded hacking groups from hostile nation states, for example. How will an AI adversary interact any differently with than world than a flesh and blood adversary?
Of course not.
However "manipulate the news and social media so that the humans launch the nukes for you" isn't quite so far-fetched.
> How will an AI adversary interact any differently with than world than a flesh and blood adversary?
It's possible to spin up a whole army of AI adversary bots in a hurry. Recruiting that many humans takes a lot of time and money.
I audit airgapped machine setups for a living and most are nowhere near as isolated as claimed.
What hackers can’t do is make a new version of themselves that’s ten times more capable and spin up a thousand copies of it. This isn’t so unrealistic for an AI. Maybe some people think it is. But, at least in comparison, I think it should be obvious between hackers and AIs which one is more likely to be have hyper linear self improvement and self replication in the next 50 years.
To frame what could be coming soon as “another tool in the toolbox” is to completely misunderstand the situation at hand. To a hyper intelligent being, you are the tool.
> Preliminary assessments of GPT-4’s abilities, conducted with no task-specific finetuning, found it ineffective at autonomously replicating, acquiring resources, and avoiding being shut down “in the wild.”20
I don't understand the fixation on this concept that is so far removed from what is happening here.
Yes it's cool. Useful. Transformative likely. But AGI...!?
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from... AGI" ?
I don't understand why anyone even bothers using the term given in any serious discussion you need to define it up front anyway.
GPT4 is far from being able to pass such a test, and I don't expect GPT99 to get there either. A fundamentally different approach will be needed.
Passing such a test is not a property expected of the average human yet the average human is considered a general intelligence, therefore this is not a property of a general intelligence.
Intelligence is independent of one's knowledge. Plenty of intelligent but uneducated people, and plenty of educated people - or even people with perfect recall - that are not particularly intelligent.
If you are testing intelligence you should be able to distill it to particular tests independent of domain expertise.
Any intelligent agent should be capable of in-context learning.
So how would you go about doing that?
If you do find such a test, do you expect that only the average human and above will pass? Does that not imply that the remaining 4Bn people are not generally intelligent?
I'm thinking of the rabbit hole that is the hurdle to get citizenship in a particular country. "Outsiders" have to apply, pay, take and pass the test. "Insiders" don't have to take the test, they pass by default. Even if they don't know the answers to the test.
Just like the constant annoying 'apologies' do not in any way signify the model actually feels sorry.
So your average corporation?
>I would say that the strings that are output by LLMs may fluently describe intent and purpose, but that actual intent requires a self awareness that utterly absent
The only reason I only partially/somewhat agree with this is current LLMs have no learning feedback loop as a means of short term actions to long term improvement. The moment that changes I'll take your statement and throw it in the trash bin of history. LLMs output have no (at least self-)purpose because they are just text output. The moment that text output goes to tooling, that tooling performs actions, and those actions are fed back into training the model then purpose is given. The self awareness loop is complete.
That's quite the claim. Can you provide references?
I'd like to see this proof. Everything we've seen so far is just the AI reproducing what humans do, which happens to be writing with intent.
Heck, even zuck is steering away from vr and going all in with "AI".
Will be a big hit in Japan.
I think the next generation will have a hard time to imagine a world without generative AI. Just like while I was born before google, I've forgotton how to look for very specific info in a physical library.
Uses I've had for GPT: Um, lots.
Like, "Hey GPT, dump out some code that does this.... no I'm getting this error with that code. Ok, your last version worked"
I consider a piece of software that provides me useful tools not hype. ChatGPT has provided me with not hype.
Also, if we somehow magically got AGI this week, we'd have a shitload of problems the "This isn't AGI" people have not thought of yet. I hope and pray we are not able to figure out AGI soon because it is simply going to be the most disruptive thing that has ever happened in human history.
Humans really do love to anthropomorphize everything.
https://medium.com/@jannaq/the-robot-takeover-is-already-her...
These LLMs are trained for one skill: given the previous N tokens, what's the next token. From this single skill, they can generalize to many many many many useful use-cases. Is that general enough?
Or do we need to wait for the goalposts to move again and then blow past that limit too? Stop arguing semantics and start building cool shit.
There's no question that ChatGPT could pass the Turing test (assuming it's told to try and to not to say it's a computer).
So, from one standpoint we've made it. But I'm in the camp that says this really isn't the AGI I thought we were going to get. Semantics matter now, and we need better definitions of what we're trying to do now.
I believe an important part of the AGI problem has been solved (or is at least downhill from here). What to do about the other parts? Let's better define what we do and don't have.
That and come up with better tests to replace the now outdated Turing test.
ChatGPT is, an artificial generalized intelligence. But is that a useful label?
I imagine we'll be needing to find a way to better define and quantify intelligence (which has been a vexing issue for a long time)
This isn't the only erroneous bar either. Somehow, the synonymity to human intelligence is taking very weird importance. We have people inventing their imaginary/magical definitions of reasoning and understanding (that they can't test for) just so LLMs won't qualify.
GPT-4 is absolutely a general intelligence.
This is the only possible outcome. Or at least from my interpretation is that science fiction has jaded us with the thinking that AI will be anything like a person at all. The human mind is a particular set of filters controlled by our wetware input devices and a somewhat narrow survivability window. The software we're building has a completely different set of 'mind' conditions so it's a mathematical certainty we're going to build mind that works very different from ours.
As you say we need better sets of definitions on what general intelligence even means. For example, what are the limits of human intelligence to ensure we're not missing broad categories of potential intelligence when testing AIs.
Most importantly, it still is not fully reliable (it “hallucinates” facts and makes reasoning errors). Great care should be taken when using language model outputs, particularly in high-stakes contexts, with the exact protocol (such as human review, grounding with additional context, or avoiding high-stakes uses altogether) matching the needs of specific applications.
Whenever they create a model than can achieve the same outputs without the heavy curation and deliberate bias on certain subjects (like condescending people for asking where to find cigarettes), then I'll be impressed.
Me: Hello, I am asking you a logic question. Please explain what "it" is in the following sentence
Me: "The X doesn't fit in the Y because it is too small"
G4: In the sentence "The X doesn't fit in the Y because it is too small," the pronoun "it" refers to "X." The sentence is stating that "X" cannot fit inside "Y" due to its size being too small.
Me: "This is incorrect, please give step by step logic on why you came to this conclusion"
G4: Apologies for the confusion. I will provide a step-by-step logic for my interpretation:
The sentence is: "The X doesn't fit in the Y because it is too small." We need to identify what "it" refers to in the sentence. There are two nouns in the sentence: X and Y. The sentence structure is such that the reason for X not fitting in Y is provided after the word "because." The sentence states that something is "too small," which is the reason for the lack of fit. Since the reason for the lack of fit is being given, we can infer that the pronoun "it" should be referring to one of the two nouns. However, upon closer examination, my previous interpretation was incorrect. Revisiting the analysis, the correct interpretation should be as follows:
In the sentence "The X doesn't fit in the Y because it is too small," the pronoun "it" actually refers to "Y." The sentence is stating that "X" cannot fit inside "Y" because "Y" is too small to accommodate "X."
My initial interpretation was wrong because I didn't consider that "it" could refer to "Y" and that the sentence is explaining why "X" cannot fit in "Y."
I keep seeing naysayers complain that it is not, but nobody actually articulates exactly what makes it a non-AGI in a manner that is sufficiently robust to argumentation.
I am willing to play the GPT's advocate and have this argument here provided that I do not get rate limited.
Edit:
I'd like to respond to some of the comments but I have been rate limited :')
See eg: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligenc... or better read Bostrom's book "Super Intelligence"
BTW I tried to get Chat-GPT to solve a problem chimpanzees have been observed being able to solve (using an inverted bowl to stand on in order to reach some bananas):
"I'm sorry, but it is not biologically plausible for a chimpanzee to use a bowl of water to access bananas on a tree"
How exactly do you define novel tasks and problems?
My brother has had it do his programming homework (he's a teenager), written in Greek mind you and therefore novel task to the first-degree, and it succeeded. Thus it solved a logic task [1].
I have had ChatGPT parse math I had written in LaTeX and reach a correct result, do modifications and so on.
> Further, an AGI should logically attempt to "improve" its understanding of the world during a conversation, yet chat GPT never initiates a topic or asks you anything at all (even to clarify what you mean). It also repeatedly reminds you that it is only a language model.
Anecdata: I asked Bing (GPT4) to answer a few stuff and it asked for clarification twice in a row. The fact that it repeatedly clarifies its prompt is not a limitation of the underlying model as much as it is a limitation of the interface that injects a prompt. Dan and all the other jailbreaks out there bypass that.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry%E2%80%93Howard_correspon...
Interesting, didn’t know it could do that.
Wondering if it could also follow along with the lemmas in various papers and reach reasonable conclusions.
GPT basically has two major modes of operation right now, training, which is done by openai, and output, which is what you are doing with the API and with ChatGPT. The model does not update its "brain", its parameters and weights, based on the conversation you have with it.
Even the "conversation" presented by their chat UI is a little misleading, what's happening is that the entire conversation is being replayed into the model every time you hit send. There is also a hidden input provided by openai, responsible for the "I am a large language model" stuff, anything said early in the conversation can constrain the later output, sometimes to the point of uselessness.
Both chatGPT and GPT models exhibit in-context learning, just as you do. The difference is that during your context updates modifications to your synapses occur as a consequence of your brain's activations.
Let's entertain a hypothetical scenario where I am a 5D creature, and you are (3 Space + 1 Time)D human.
I could go back to any point in your time and have any conversation that I wish with you. Each time I do that, I am effectively resetting your brain's state to that particular point in time.
The analog here is that for ChatGPT and the likes, time does not exist in the manner that it does for us, they are purely abstract in that they don't even need physical form to exist, it's a collection of ones and zeros that we store in such form because it is convenient.
You can very well store the parameters of the GPT models in any other medium capable of holding information and actually execute the model.
You can even compute gradient updates, or hook the models up to external data sources.
In the same vein, you "could" do the same for any human brain no matter how computationally prohibitive it may be.
You'd still classify the human brain as a general intelligence. Furthermore, we classify humans with long-term amnesia or inability to form new memories generally intelligent even though they only exhibit in-context learning.
I have to ask what definition(s) of intelligence we are using here. There are multiple, and GPT satisfies some to some degree but not others. Emotion and self-awareness can probably be written off entirely. Some experimenting shows that it still sucks at logic when presented with a pristine problem (something that definitely is not in its training set); and I would say this is a requirement of a general intelligence, being able to take the knowledge it has and speculatively applying that to things it has no knowledge of using induction/deduction.
> being able to take the knowledge it has and speculatively applying that to things it has no knowledge of using induction/deduction.
One could argue that its 'confidence' is an example of speculatively applying what it knows. The problem is that the inference machinery behind it is quite weak.
But we also shouldn't forget that things that are definitely not AI can be extremely disruptive and groundbreaking.
People are worried that AGI will rise up and kill us, but the definitely-not-AGI we have now is already sufficient to, say, create a drone army capable of killing based on arbitrary characteristics like race or skin color, or to demoralize us with disinformation campaigns.
Releasing a killer drone army... absolutely not... the required intent is absent.
Being abused as a tool by sentient humans to demoralize others (or maybe even to release a drone army - if sufficiently interfaced) sure.
And AGI is also not "mimics how the brain works". The original Turing Test was good because it really sat at the heart of the issue. Does the computer behave like a human during an interaction? At the end of the day we know very little about what makes us human (from a behviorial perspective), but we know it when we see it.
The question of AGI was never really an issue until ChatGPT. Asking an AI a question like, "Was Steve Jobs more or less effective as a manager than Bill Gates, just from a people manager perspective?" was moot as we had no technology that could really even parse that question, much less put together a coherent answer. Now our main gripe is that the AI answer to this question is more verbose and provides more context than what most humans would give.
This has everything to do with ChatGPT not being AGI.
By your definition -- maybe we don't have (A)GI either.
If an AGI is something that can create and deploy an improved version of itself, then if exponential rate of improvement is preserved, we’ll see it in this decade.
While true, that's the wrong lesson. The right lesson is GPT 1/2/3/4 are progressively getting closer and closer to AGI. You can't blame us for extrapolating only a few years into the future and planning for it.
The reference is the GPT-4 release paper. It's getting progressively better at things that require intelligence, like writing code and doing unseen exams across various fields that humans find difficult. The generality and depth of intelligence is progressively improving.
> unprompted, with intent
Neither of these are necessary for AGI. Intelligence doesn't require intent. Intelligence doesn't require something to be "unprompted" (which human intelligence isn't, either, our brain is being constantly prompted by our external senses).
I was just thinking today, it’s interesting how I can ask ChatGPT something that is hard to get a straight answer for - such as “how much does X usually cost?”
I wouldn’t be surprised if this type of tech was quickly censored by a company that implements it at scale (say, Google or bing) for profit.
I feel like it’s inevitable, and it’s depressing.
Will the future be populated by LLMs that all want to control the information I have access to?
However, I feel like the best and most useful versions of this type of software would (by necessity) only be able to run at a huge scale, cost millions to train, etc.
Now instead of having to worry about the bias of the sources I read, I have to question the bias of the language model based upon who created it.
If you have your own data and problems you are trying to solve I don't think using GPT4 in zero-few shot mode (even with CoT) is necessarily better/higher performing than using a smaller fine-tuned or retrieval augmented model, it certainly wasn't true for GPT3.5 although we don't have as much insight into GPT4.
If we're talking about something as general/open-ended as ChatGPT or a 'poor mans AGI' well yeah, the data curation and preprocessing alone takes a small team to figure out let alone training it. How useful this type of model is when it's still not good enough (i.e. hallucination) to be used in most production cases despite the exorbitant cost in development remains to be seen.
Competition, from for-profits large and small, non-profits large and small, and the rest of the open community.
Don't trust what BigLLM™ is saying? Here's a dozen others you can ask...
maybe look for opportunities for cooperation instead.
i find it a little dated that we cognitively frame everything through the myopic lens of competition.
and it's a perfect example where a systemic restructuring can fundamentally rebalance control.
Yes, and consolidation also. Competition also gave us their disruptors.
> maybe look for opportunities for cooperation instead
I hear you, and I don't disagree with your line of thinking, but cooperation to compete is a thing, no?
My point being, an adversarial strategy prevents power from coalescing into the hands of one group, because it actively seeks to disrupt that process. The more diverse competition there is, the more pressure there will be against huge corps.
No. I mean what, are you gonna get them to halt development? I'd also say heavy-handed regulation is unlikely because the US Government views itself as in a technological competition with China, it won't want to slow things down.
> Will the future be populated by LLMs that all want to control the information I have access to?
Nothing's stopping the open source community, or you yourself, from making your own. You have a computer connected to the internet after all. But it will require lots of technical expertise, data, and money.
Maybe we require transparency in how the model is trained, what the prompt is, etc. It’s fine if a corporation wants to build something that increases their profits, and they can invest into training the model and use it as a competitive advantage.
But I feel there is some level of disclosure owed to the consumer. Not sure what it would be.
Imagine you and a group of friends decide to develop a game. You make a company and have a team of four people. Your budget is tiny and you can't afford the same resources a huge game company can. You want your new company to be profitable so you use large language models to generate realistic material textures for your 3D models, and to generate a diverse range of intetestimg character backstories and dialogs. This used to require a larger team of developers and content creators but now you can do more with fewer people and ship your game sooner. You make a great game and users love it and it's a financial success.
But oh wait, you didn't explicitly disclose that you use an AI powered tool to generate some art assets and character backstories. Therefore you are just a greedy company that is abusing AI for profit.
That's so ridiculous.
The good thing is that open source versions are popping up everywhere. This wont stop and everyone will be able to run their local AIs https://simonwillison.net/2023/Mar/11/llama/. Problem is the 'best' one will likely be centralized. We have open source everything; nowadays you can run on your own version of most software categories but users still choose to use proprietary versions bc the convenience outweighs their need for privacy/objectivity.
fedco is a seed company structured similarly. it's owned 60% by consumers and 40% by employees. this puts democratic control and profit distribution front and center.
> We are a cooperative, one of the few seed companies so organized in the United States. Because we do not have an individual owner or beneficiary, profit is not our primary goal. Consumers own 60% of the cooperative and worker members 40%. Consumer and worker members share proportionately in the cooperative’s profits through our annual patronage dividends.
Yes, big companies that spend lots of money and are big targets for lawsuits and regulation will exercise a lot of control over what their state-of-the-art products offer. There's no getting around that.
But that's not all we have to look forward to by any means.
Edit: obviously I should have just asked bing for a summary of the video. Below,
Show HN: The nightmare videos of children’s YouTube and what’s wrong with the internet today This is a TED talk by James Bridle, a writer and artist who exposes a dark, strange corner of the internet, where unknown people or groups on YouTube hack the brains of young children with disturbing and inappropriate content. He shows how these videos exploit YouTube’s algorithms and advertising system to generate views and revenue, and how they reveal a deeper problem with the internet today: a lack of human oversight, accountability and transparency. He calls for more attention and ethical responsibility from tech companies and users. Link: https://www.ted.com/talks/james_bridle_the_nightmare_videos_...
I would not be surprised to see something similar when looking inside the structure of a multi-modal neural network, where certain parts handle certain tasks and other parts handle other tasks.
Sure these guys don’t have memory, but I have one “storage” LLM that accepts vague requests and turns them into SQL, another cleans up the SQL so on and so forth, you need a handful of them each step. Now you have a database. Etc.
Does anybody does this?
Can I stream it screenshots, give it a goal, and ask it for click coordinates back? Can GPT-4 successfully use a PC desktop?
And my next thought:
Better try this with a VM without internet access ...
Well, no theyjust made the bot picked up a pen and bring it to a person at a table 15ft away. It did that, despite "obstacles" by another human keep knocking the pen off its hand. But it shows that an image LLM can perform goals.
Essentially to merge lots of modalities they just go 'let's convert all modalities into integers in the same given range', e.g the word 'me' = 1001, up in Atari = 11002, joint torque of right motor of robot = 33000 and so on.
From the paper:
There are infinite possible ways to transform data into tokens, including directly using the raw underlying byte stream. Below we report the tokenization scheme we found to produce the best results for Gato at the current scale using contemporary hardware and model architectures.
• Text is encoded via SentencePiece (Kudo & Richardson, 2018) with 32000 subwords into the integer range [0, 32000).
• Images are first transformed into sequences of non-overlapping 16 × 16 patches in raster order, as done in ViT (Dosovitskiy et al., 2020). Each pixel in the image patches is then normalized between [−1, 1] and divided by the square-root of the patch size (i.e. The tokenized result is a sequence of integers within the range of [0, 1024). 16 = 4).
• Discrete values, e.g. Atari button presses, are flattened into sequences of integers in row-major order.
• Continuous values, e.g. proprioceptive inputs or joint torques, are first flattened into sequences of floating point values in row-major order. The values are mu-law encoded to the range [−1, 1] if not already there (see Figure 14 for details), then discretized to 1024 uniform bins. The discrete integers are then shifted to the range of [32000, 33024).
So input is now one (or more) images and text, and output is text. There are ways to position the input image in a particular location within the input text as well. Training data can come from websites, etc.
Instead of grinding increasingly complicated models that do everything, you train the LLM input/output engine to delegate to other systems and synthesize the results. There’s a ton of headroom down this road now that the natural language interface of the LLM has become so capable.
There are still surely active research tracks on integrating more data into more sophisticated models, but it looks like we’re at a maturity point where product engineering can start driving its own innovations.
I think this is all you really need to know about the future of AGI.
Don't click.