I often joke that Docker wouldn't exist if it had been easier to deploy Python code, since it was DotCloud who invented Docker as part of solving that problem.
I was hoping Vercel would be their spiritual successor, back when they were known as Zeit and allowed running arbitrary containers at the edge, but alas they pivoted to focus only on the JS platform. That said, IMO Next.js is the closest thing to modern day PHP in terms of filesystem-based routing and "write code on a page, render it at the same URL."
For Python, we run our services in containers using some custom images, and build the code from a monorepo using a combination of Pants and Poetry. For smaller or more focused projects, I think Google Cloud Run is quite nice, since it supports the Buildpack Spec and is in many ways a successor to Google AppEngine.