I actually just posted an article that references Clever Hans (pretty sure it's also the name of a Grimm Brothers fairy tale, most of them have names like that).

It's actually not the best analogy for the current fad, I think "confused by a mirror" works much better. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34850890 although I suppose the idea of attributing intelligence where there isn't any holds.

Clever Hans is a good analogy for (mostly deep learning) ML classifiers, the idea being a, say image classifier, can do extremely well despite not using any features that actually causally inform the decision being made. So when the background changes, or lighting, or some other thing, it fails utterly. This is actually true for almost all image classifiers.