In the case of arguments about the dangers of AGI, there is no meaningful distinction between assumptions and conclusions. The points being discussed are so fundamental that they don't lend themselves to being broken down further.

If "a being that you don't understand and that is better than you at everything is a potential danger to you" doesn't convince someone, I'm not sure what further elaboration could achieve. This is a classic problem that arises in many philosophical debates. If there is disagreement about fundamentals, the debate doesn't (and can't) go anywhere.

The real problem is that we simply cannot hope to predict what an entity that is far superior to any human would do, essentially by definition. So I wouldn't frame this as a "debate" so much as two camps of different beliefs. Any "argument" made is like ants trying to understand human ethics. While I consider the aforementioned point to be obvious, I could be wrong about it in ways I can't even comprehend, and so could any other human, regardless of their degree of expertise.

Ironically, this unknown provides something like a meta-argument for extreme caution when dealing with AGI: Just like you wouldn't step blindly into a dark room that might contain a monster, you don't have to know that AGI is dangerous in order to be afraid of it – the mere fact that it might be and you cannot ever know for sure is enough.